Medicinal
chemistry is the scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and
pharmacy that deals with the design, identification, synthesis and development
of new molecular entities for therapeutic use. The main aim of medicinal
chemistry is the design, discover and development of new compounds
that becomes as a drug for therapeutic use. This process involves a team of
workers from a
wide range of disciplines such as biology, chemistry, biochemistry,
pharmacology, medicine, mathematics and computing, amongst others. Medicinal
chemistry also involves the isolation of compounds from natural sources.
The discovery or
design of a new drug not only requires a discovery or design process but also
the synthesis of the drug, a method of drug administration, the development of
tests and procedures to establish how it operates in the body and a safety
assessment. Drug discovery may also require fundamental research into the
biological and chemical nature of the diseased state. These and other aspects
of drug design and discovery require input from specialists in many other
fields and so medicinal chemists need to have an outline knowledge of the
relevant aspects of these fields.
What
are Drugs ?
Drugs
are mainly defined as chemical substances that are used to cure or prevent
diseases in humans, animals and plants. The activity of a drug is its
pharmaceutical effect on the subject, for example, analgesic or b-blocker,
whereas its potency is the quantitative nature of that effect. Unfortunately
the term drug is also used by the media and the general public to describe the
substances taken for their psychotic rather than medicinal effects. However,
this does not mean that these substances cannot be used as drugs. Heroin, for
example, is a very effective painkiller and is used as such in the form of
diamorphine in terminal cancer cases.
Drug
Action-
The
action of drugs and the sites at which they are believed to act are extremely
varied. Common target sites are the cell envelopes and walls of microorganisms,
enzymes, receptors, nucleic acids and viruses.
Medicinal
chemistry is the scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and
pharmacy that deals with the design, identification, synthesis and development
of new molecular entities for therapeutic use. The main aim of medicinal
chemistry is the design, discover and development of new compounds
that becomes as a drug for therapeutic use. This process involves a team of
workers from a
wide range of disciplines such as biology, chemistry, biochemistry,
pharmacology, medicine, mathematics and computing, amongst others. Medicinal
chemistry also involves the isolation of compounds from natural sources.
The discovery or
design of a new drug not only requires a discovery or design process but also
the synthesis of the drug, a method of drug administration, the development of
tests and procedures to establish how it operates in the body and a safety
assessment. Drug discovery may also require fundamental research into the
biological and chemical nature of the diseased state. These and other aspects
of drug design and discovery require input from specialists in many other
fields and so medicinal chemists need to have an outline knowledge of the
relevant aspects of these fields.
What are Drugs ?
Drugs
are mainly defined as chemical substances that are used to cure or prevent
diseases in humans, animals and plants. The activity of a drug is its
pharmaceutical effect on the subject, for example, analgesic or b-blocker,
whereas its potency is the quantitative nature of that effect. Unfortunately
the term drug is also used by the media and the general public to describe the
substances taken for their psychotic rather than medicinal effects. However,
this does not mean that these substances cannot be used as drugs. Heroin, for
example, is a very effective painkiller and is used as such in the form of
diamorphine in terminal cancer cases.
Drug Action-
The
action of drugs and the sites at which they are believed to act are extremely
varied. Common target sites are the cell envelopes and walls of microorganisms,
enzymes, receptors, nucleic acids and viruses.
Read
next article for the structures and action of drugs that target
these sites. It also covers the some of the general strategies adopted to
discover new leads for some of these targets.
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